Philippines: The Feast of Forest and Crocodiles
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Philippines: The Feast of Forest and Crocodiles
By Antonio Graceffo
The Pista y Ang Kagueban, or the Feast of the Forest, celebrated on the last Saturday in June, each year, is a day when much of the population of Puerto Princesa city turns out to participate in a massive tree planting exercise. Since its inception, the Pista has resulted in the planting of nearly two million trees, making Puerto Princesa one of the last areas in the Philippines which is covered in green. The feast of the forest was started in 1991 to make people aware of environmental issues. The Irawan Watershed was chosen as the first planting site because one of the biggest problems facing the city populace was a lack of potable water.

The first year of the Pista, 28,000 trees were planted. In 2006, that number increased to 140,000 trees.

These huge numbers could only be achieved through the participation of the entire population. The mayor began by instituting a campaign of education and information and got the support of schools, colleges,  fraternities, civic organizations, government employees, the military, NGOs, as well as Boy and Girl scouts. Even prisoners from the local jail and foreign tourists and dignitaries participate in the planting.

For those places which are inaccessible to the volunteers, we do aerial seeding from helicopters, supported by the military ; Said Caesar L.Yipco, Project Manager for the city.

The day starts at 5:00 am, when government provided transportation takes the volunteers to the designated planting site. The activity has the feeling of a large scale party, as the work is accompanied by songs, games, and performances.

According to Mr. Yuipco, it takes months to prepare for the planting. City workers clear the planting area and make the holes in advance. On the day of the Pista, the volunteers need only remove the trees from their plastic wrappers and plant them.  But remind them to remove the trees from the bags; Cautions Caesar L.Yipco;We expect more than 30,000 people this year.

On average, they will plant 5-10 trees each.  The numbers were staggering.

It is important to remember; he points out, "success is measured by the number of trees that survive after replanting; Currently, Puerto Princesa has a success rate of 70-80%.

The office of Sustainable Environmental Management maintains them after they are planted. We do the weeding, fertilizing, and assisted natural regeneration.

The key to success is community involvement. "We get support from the populace, fraternities, airlines, and banks. They chose an area, and we identify it with a placard, saying who it was adopted by. We have a big party the night before. We also bring in beauty queens, singers, pop stars, and actors to create a festive mood. Even foreign environmentalists come to Puerto to lend a hand".

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"Mayor Hagedorn provides funds for continued maintenance of the trees. The forest occupants depend on forest products for their livelihood. So, we give them subsidies to protect the forest resources. In some cases we have given them jobs as wardens, through the Mayors Life Cost Assistance Program".

As well as saving their trees, work is underway to attempt to stop the illegal poaching of crocodiles, now offically on the endangered species list.

Historians believe that the Philippine island of Palawan was once connected to Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, by a land bridge, allowing the migration of both animals and tribal people. As a result a number of rare and interesting animals can be found in Puerto Princesa, the capitol city. Puerto is home to 800 species of plants, 295 species of trees, 95 kinds of birds (15 of which are endangered). Among them is the Palawan Peacock, the citys mascot. There are 23,779 types of insects and 41 kinds of butterflies, one of which has a wing span of 18 cm. Among the 30 types of mammals are the nocturnal Binturong (a type of carnivorous civet) and the long tailed Macaca (crab eating monkey), common in the national park, near the underground river.

The city boasts 10 kinds of amphibians, 19 kinds of reptiles, including the python and one type of cobra, and the water monitor, which can have a length of up to 2 m and weigh 50 kgs.

Illegal animal trade in reptiles is very profitable because the hide of the large animals is so valuable. As a result, many of these reptiles have become endangered species.

In recent years, the citys mayor, Edward Hagedorn, has worked hard to stop illegal logging and poaching. Unfortunately many of the islands unique animals have already made their way onto the endangered animal list. The city has established a crocodile conservancy, headed by Dr. Glen Rebong, to study and protect the islands large reptiles. The center maintains a hospital for injured crocs and a nursery, to raise endangered animals in safety. There is also a mini-zoo, open to the public.

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Feeding time is always pretty exciting. "The Mendorences Palawan, is one of the most endangered species in the world. There are only seventy left in the wild".  Explained Dr. Glen Rebong.

The two basic croc types that the center works with are perosis, a salt water croc and Mendorences, a Philippine croc which normally only grows to two meters, although some specimens, raised in captivity, have grown to 10 feet long.  "But Mendoredces won’t normally attack humans." He explains ".They know that large animals are not part of their diet.

A five meter long perosis took a dive at us and bit the steel walkway beneath our feet. WAM! The hardened snout crashed against the cold metal. "It probably thought it was feeding time".  Explained Dr. Rebong.

He assured us that we were in no danger at all. But it was still the closest I had ever been to a giant crocodile. It was similar to people who stand in a cage and feed sharks, underwater. Someone can tell you a croc is 5 meters long, but what does that mean? When you are standing near one you realize it means that this croc is nearly double my height and 5 times my weight. (OK, four times, I gained a bit recently, but I am trying to lose it.) Once again, the point was stressed that a crock will not normally attack a human.

As we walked away, rather hurriedly, I thought I saw the croc vomit up a camera from the last journalist it ate.

Dr. Rebong is a well respected expert in his field. He once made a discovery related to crok caves and later worked with Dr. Brady Barr, of National Geographic TV fame.  "No one believed crocks could live at altitude. But crocks were found at 750 m. Because of the cold, the crocs lived in caves ".

He gave us a lot of interesting information about crocodiles.  "They can go up to one year without eating, if they have big enough fat reserves. The reason they lay about with their mouths open is for cooling. Only the mouth is highly vascularized, so it is good for heat exchange ".

We raise the eggs here until they are about two meters long. Then we transfer them outside. By outside the doctor meant land set aside as a crocodile preserve. Is not exactly the wild.

Releasing crocodiles back into nature is not as simple as it may seem. "It is a very sensitive issue because if we release them to nature, we need to protect them from poachers. "Dr. Rebong explained that poachers can also read the newspapers. They will see when and where the crocks are released and go shoot them.

"We need a protected area. There must be no hunting, also nationwide their habitat is being destroyed. The fresh water crocodile variety is now extinct in Palawna, only the salt water variety remains".

The crocs can still be found inland, however, because, according to Dr. Rebong, saltwater crocs can be found in fresh water, but fresh water crocs cannot live in salt water.

After raising these endangered animals in the sanctuary, the doctor would like to release them in the wild. But if releasing them in the wild would be too dangerous, Dr. Rebong opts for the next best option, releasing them in the semi-wild. "If there is a preserve, on private land, we could give subsidies and incentives. Also, they can harvest the eggs and sell them to be used in laboratories and zoos".

It seemed that some people gave the impression of trying to help the crocodiles, but in actuality, they were motivated by profit.

"In a laboratory in Thailand they are crossing the perosis with the Siamese crocodile". "Hybridization has no use in science. It doesn’t preserve the species. It creates a new species and detracts from the ones you are trying to save. Why produce hybrids? Only to make a faster growing croc for skin and skin trade".

Crocodiles are harder to save than koalas or kangaroos because people don’t find them as cuddly. "North Palawan was supposed to be a sanctuary and release area but it didn’t work out because local inhabitants didn’t want it."

The average person would probably rather the crocodiles did not become extinct, but no one wants to live with them. The crocodiles also get a lot of undeserved bad press, which doesn’t help.

"There have, allegedly, been some killings". Confesses Dr. Rebong. "A 15 foot crocodile in south Palawan is said to have killed a young girl. Now people are afraid to host crocs. In 1997 crocs ate a mailman".

Dr. Rebong feels that the attacks have been blown out of proportion, and many of them have been unsubstantiated. "In the whole of the Philippines there have been very few verified attacks, only two in the last year. In some mysterious deaths or disappearances crocs have been blamed but there was no evidence".

He didn’t  believe that the crocs were to blame for the mailmans death. "Crocs leave leftovers. They can only eat 50% of their bodyweight. Even if they ate a small child there should be something left over. Fourteen deaths have been blamed on crocodiles, but no evidence was found".

According to Dr. Rebong, in the wild, salt water crocs are more dangerous to people than fresh water croc. "Fresh water crocs will usually back down or run away. They will recognize that we are not part of their food chain".

Among crocodiles, however, they are very aggressive to each other. "Although some salt water crocs are huge, freshwater crocs are the largest and will attack saltwater crocs.  In nature, crocks will eat carrion and even resort to cannibalism.." A few of the crocks in the zoo were missing a foot. "Feeding time sometimes gets competitive. They accidentally bite the foot of the other one, and the brain is very small, so it doesn’t know and keeps eating, thinking it is chicken". Apparently, crocodile tastes like chicken.

Supporting, feeding and caring for the crocs is expensive. The park entrance fees are only a small fraction of what it actually costs to maintain the facility, and local donor money in a developing country is minimal. As a result, Dr. Rebong has to find creative ways to finance the crocodiles.

"We let the city use some of the crocs in the adventure challenge extreme sport competition".  The runners had to run between crocs to prove their bravery. "But we were assured the crocs wouldn’t be hurt, and we were on site to supervise. Otherwise we wouldn’t have allowed it ".

"Last year, we loaned 200 crocs to the nature safari in Subic Bay. When the US Navy left, they left behind a large number of concrete bunkers, so they converted some into a croc exhibit. Sending the crocs there really took some financial pressure off us. Our annual entrance fee equals one month of entrance fees at the safari. And, if they are good, they can breed more crocodiles there ".

Educating the public is one of the most important elements in the conservation equation. "If the public is ignorant of the crocs or afraid of them then they won’t make any effort to save them. The safari park is a good opportunity for education. The Filipinos who go there are upper class because the entrance fee is 300 Pesos ".

The rich Filipinos are the people best in a position to save the crocs in the Philippines. People from rich countries, America, Europe and Japan, are in the best position to save the crocs in the world. The question is, will we?

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