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| Never Pay
U.S. Taxes Again - Legally |
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| Expatriation:
It’s been called “the ultimate estate plan” and it’s a legal, step-by-step
process that can lead to the legal right for you to stop paying U.S. or
other national income taxes—forever. |
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| In
sum, it requires professional consultations, careful planning, movement
of assets offshore and acquisition of a second nationality. When all that’s
done (and done exactly right), you must leave behind your home country
and become a “tax exile” with an established domicile in a low or no-tax
jurisdiction. And, for U.S. citizens, this unusual plan requires, as a
final step toward tax freedom, the formal relinquishment of citizenship. |
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| A
drastic plan? You bet. And in truth, there are many other perfectly suitable
offshore strategies that The Sovereign Society recommends that can result
in significant tax savings. These include international life insurance
policies (TSI 1/02)5 and offshore investments made through retirement
plans (TSI 7/03).6 But for U.S. citizens and long-term residents who seek
a permanent and completely legal way to stop paying all U.S. taxes, expatriation
is the only option. |
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| The
Blueprint to Ultimate Tax Avoidance |
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| Individuals
have been leaving their own land to seek opportunities elsewhere since
the dawn of mankind. But it has only been since the development of the
modern nation-state, and its taxation of the worldwide income of its citizen-residents,
that expatriation has taken on significant tax consequences. |
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| One of the
first tax advisors to appreciate the potential tax savings of expatriation
was my friend and colleague, Marshall Langer J.D., a valued member of The
Sovereign Society Council of Experts. |
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| Langer is
an international tax attorney and the respected author of several major
international tax treatises. He is also the daring creator of a now out-of-print
book, The Tax Exile Report. This title gained international notoriety when
the late U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-N.Y.), red-faced and angry,
waived a copy of the book at a televised Senate hearing, denouncing it
as “a legal income tax avoidance plan.” |
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| In explaining
why “expatriation” is so attractive to wealthy Americans (and others),
a few years ago a Forbes magazine article gave the compelling arithmetic:
“A very rich Bahamian citizen pays zero estate taxes; rich Americans—anyone
with an estate worth US$3 million or more—pay 55%. A fairly stiff 37% marginal
rate kicks in for Americans leaving as little as $600,000 to their children.”7
Even though U.S. estate taxes have been reduced since then, an even more
impressive part of the Langer plan is the ability to escape American income,
capital gains and other taxes. |
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| When it comes
to expatriation, however, Americans face a nearly unique burden. Unlike
almost every other nation, with one or two minor exceptions, U.S citizens
and long-term residents cannot escape home country taxes by moving their
residence to another nation. The only way to leave U.S. taxes behind is
to give up their citizenship. |
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| Toothless
Penalties |
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| Becoming a
tax exile is not without problems, but, so far, they are more political
than legal. |
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The
Sovereign Society, headquartered in Waterford, Ireland, was founded in
1998 to provide proven legal strategies for individuals to protect their
wealth and privacy, lower their taxes and to help improve their personal
freedom and liberty.
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The
Society's highly qualified contacts recommend only carefully chosen banks
and investment advisors as well as financial and legal professionals located
in select tax and asset haven jurisdictions around the world. The Society
provides advice concerning the establishement and operation of offshore
bank accounts, asset protection trusts, international business corporations
(IBCs), private foundations, second citizenships and foreign residency,
as well as practical safeguards for financial, Internet and personal privacy.
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The
Sovereign Society stands alone in fulfilling this singular, international
offshore service role for its members. To learn more about our organization
and how you too can become a member, Click the link below:
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Yes,
learn what it is that the Sovereign Society can do for you. The Sovereign
Society's highly qualified Council of Experts, consist of carefully chosen
professionals located in select tax and asset havens around the world.
Their experts have spent their careers discovering the best global investments,
the safest tax havens and the most secure devices in which to protect your
assets.
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Access
to The Sovereign Society’s Council of Experts is one of the most-cherished
benefits of Sovereign Society members. Their global network of banks, investment
specialists, financial consultants, and legal professionals have proven
themselves, over many years, and to thousands of Sovereign Society members,
as being the best in the business.
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Earning
money requires effort. Protecting
it after
you've earned it requires finding those
who have
the right knowledge & experience
in the
field of asset protection. If you're not
an expert at
it you need someone who is. |
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| The source
of the current controversy over expatriation was a sensational article
in the Nov. 24, 1994 issue of Forbes magazine, entitled “The New Refugees.”
Filled with juicy details (famous names, luxury addresses, big dollar tax
savings), the story described how clever ex-Americans who became citizens
of certain foreign nations, paid little or no U.S. federal and state income,
estate and capital gains taxes. |
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| Ever since,
expatriation has been a favorite “hot button” issue kicked around by the
American news media and “soak-the-rich” politicians.8 While current anti-expat
provisions in the U.S. Tax Code are relatively toothless, this status may
soon change. On July 25, 2003 legislation (HR 2896) was introduced in the
U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. William M. Thomas (R-Cal.), powerful
chairman of the tax-writing Committee on Ways and Means. This bill includes
an ominous Sec. 2005, entitled “Revision of Tax Rules on Expatriation of
Individuals.” |
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| This section,
in effect, would impose an immediate tax on unrealized capital gains on
anyone who ends their U.S. citizenship. It uses an arbitrary test of net
worth and/or income tax paid over a period of years to assume an ex-citizen
is trying to escape income taxes. Similar net worth/income tax provisions
have been the law since 1996, which I’ll explain in a moment. |
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| It’s understandable
why politicians keep this political football in play. To the average uninformed
U.S. taxpayer, expatriation seems like just another rich man’s tax loophole.
Before Forbes raised the issue, few people had even heard of the concept
of formal surrender or loss of U.S. citizenship. |
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| Taken together
with the recent controversy over U.S. companies re-incorporating offshore
to avoid U.S. corporate taxes (which is completely legal), candidates for
federal office have in expatriation a convenient straw man that they can
beat unmercifully. Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers (now
president of Harvard University) went so far as to call tax expatriates
“traitors” to America. He later was forced to apologize. |
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| Your Right
to Give Up U.S. Citizenship |
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| As a national
political issue, expatriation is hardly new. |
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| In the bitter
aftermath of the War Between the States (1860-65), Congress hotly debated
the status of people in the southern states that formed the Confederacy.
Ultimately, Congress decided “rebels” who swore allegiance could again
become U.S. citizens. The “Expatriation Act of 1868” formally recognized
that all Americans do have a right to give up their citizenship, if they
so choose. |
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| A century
later, in the Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966, Congress again decided
to make an issue of expatriation. In that Act, lawmakers tried to impose
onerous taxes on exiting wealthy Americans who relinquished their U.S.
citizenship “with the principal purpose of avoiding” U.S. taxes, a highly
subjective intention that was virtually impossible to prove. The IRS couldn’t
prove such “intent” and very rarely even tried. |
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| A 1996 anti-expatriation
law inspired by the Forbes article asserts limited U.S. tax jurisdiction
for a period of 10 years over persons who renounce their U.S. citizenship
“with the principal purpose of avoiding U.S. taxes.” Also covered by this
law are permanent resident aliens (“green card” holders) or anyone else
who has resided in the United States for any eight of the preceding 15
years.9 |
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| For the purposes
of this law, tax avoidance is presumed to be the true purpose if, at the
time of expatriation, an expatriate’s net worth exceeds US$552,000 or he
or she pays an annual tax bill exceeding US$110,000, figures that are indexed
for inflation annually. However, with proper planning, it is relatively
easy to avoid U.S. taxes during this 10-year period.10 |
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| The
lengths to which politicians will go to penalize expatriates is demonstrated
by a never-enforced provision of U.S. law, also enacted in 1996, that permits
the Attorney General to bar from returning to the United States anyone
who renounces their U.S. citizenship to avoid U.S. taxes. In this
manner, Congress lumped individuals exercising their legal right to avoid
taxes with narcotics traffickers and terrorists. |
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| Amidst the
furor, thoughtful experts criticize what they see as a much broader and
dangerous U.S. anti-expatriation precedent. They point out these laws involve
not only retaliatory government acts against resistance to high taxes,
but pose possible violations of human rights guaranteed by other laws and
even the Human Rights Charter of the United Nations. It is worth noting
that the U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly affirmed the right of U.S. citizens
to end their citizenship as well as the right to enjoy dual citizenship.11 |
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| In reality,
this political frenzy probably reflects collective envy more than any sense
of patriotism by Americans or their congressional representatives. Expatriation
is not as serious a problem as some pretend: fewer than 800 Americans,
rich or poor, have formally given up their citizenship in recent years.
Most expatriates give up their U.S. citizenship because they are returning
to their native lands or marrying non-U.S. citizens.12 |
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| Save Millions
of Dollars, Legally |
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| Despite the
controversy, there remain very substantial tax savings for wealthy U.S.
citizens who are prepared to give up their citizenship. While only a handful
of very rich Americans have legally expatriated, these individuals include
some prominent names: |
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| In 1962, John
Templeton, respected international investor, businessman and philanthropist,
surrendered his U.S. citizenship to become a citizen of the Bahamas. This
move saved him more than US$100 million when he sold the well-known international
investment fund that still bears his name. |
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The
Strange Disappearance of 100,000 American Millionaires
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Last
year, the number of American millionaires fell by 100,000. Yet 200,000
new millionaires showed up overseas. Why? Because hugely profitable
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and Wall Street special interests. Like our recommended investments that
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| Other wealthy
ex-Americans who have taken their formal leave include billionaire Campbell
Soup heir John (“Ippy”) Dorrance III (Ireland); Michael Dingman (The Bahamas),
chairman of Abex and a Ford Motor director; J. Mark Mobious (Germany),
one of the leading emerging market investment fund managers; Kenneth Dart
(Belize), heir to the billion dollar Dart container fortune; Ted Arison
(Israel), head of Carnival Cruise Lines; and millionaire head of Locktite
Corp., Fred Kreible (Turks and Caicos Islands). |
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| How It
Should Be Done |
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| Long
before you formally give up your U.S. citizenship, you should reorder your
financial affairs in such a way as to remove from possible government control
and taxation most, if not all, of your assets. |
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| Here are the
steps you must take:
• Move abroad
and make your new home in a no-tax foreign nation so you are no longer
a “resident” for U.S. income taxes;
• Obtain
alternative citizenship and passport;
• Give up
U.S. citizenship and change your legal “domicile” to avoid U.S. estate
taxes;
• Arrange
your affairs so that most or all of your income is derived from non-U.S.
sources; and
• Title your
property ownership so that any assets that remain in the United States
are exempt from U.S. estate and gift taxes. |
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| The
following chart provides a planning timetable: |
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| Year Action
Plan |
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0
Decide to expatriate
1-2 Strategize
with expert advisors
3-4 Liquidate
U.S. assets
5-6 Choose
new jurisdiction
7-8 Move to
your chosen residency haven
9-10 Give
up U.S. citizenship |
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| One of the
most important decisions is the choice of a second nationality. Millions
of Americans already hold a second nationality; millions more qualify almost
instantly for one by reason of birth, ancestry or marriage. For instance,
in many countries (Ireland is one), having a parent or grandparent born
in that country will qualify children or grandchildren for immediate citizenship
and passports after presenting the appropriate documentation. |
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| Otherwise,
you will need to qualify for alternative citizenship through prolonged
residency (2-10 years) in a country in which you are eligible for residency
based on your economic status or investments you make there. For instance,
both Panama and Belize have formal tax-advantaged residency plans for foreign
nationals who wish to make their home there. After five years, sometimes
less, you can apply for citizenship. |
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| Alternatively,
you may choose to purchase economic citizenship, which can be obtained
in a matter of months, but only at significant cost (minimum outlay of
approximately US$100,000). The only two legitimate economic citizenship
programs still in existence are from the Commonwealth of Dominica and St.
Kitts & Nevis. For more information on these programs, see the Henley
& Partners Web site at www.henleyglobal.com/ec. Based on an exclusive
arrangement with Henley & Partners, Sovereign Society members are eligible
for a significant reduction of the applicable professional fees. |
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| Before making
any move, it’s absolutely essential to consult qualified professionals.13
We are pleased to provide the names of qualified professional advisors
if you contact us at info@thesovereignsociety.com. |
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|
Index
of Sovereign Society Articles |
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