| But suppose
you did not break it up or knock it down. Suppose you merely picked it
up, put it on a flat-bed truck and sold the whole thing to a friend in
a nearby state. Would you make a killing? Or suppose, you notice that the
averagish house in Southern California sells for $350,000 and the averagish
house in southern Arkansas goes for less than half that much. Could you
make money by buying in Arkansas and shipping it to the coast? Have you
ever heard of such a thing, dear reader?
"Well, actually,
it's a good business down here," said our friend at dinner.
"People
buy a lot with a house on it. They want to build a new house. So they give
away the house to anyone who will take it away. A friend of ours got one,
loaded it on a barge and floated it up the intra-coastal waterway and put
it down on another lot. It was beautiful. And she saved a lot of money."
"But she
got the house for nothing, right?"
"Right."
Isn't it true,
then, that it is not just the appliances, the furniture, the furnishings,
and the building materials that lose value over time....but the entire
house itself? And isn't that what you would expect? Over time, all physical
things wear out. Metal corrodes, plastics warp and fade, fabrics weaken.
Even granite turns to sand and dust....worn by wind, rain, sun, and cold...eventually.
And we, dear
reader. We are no exceptions. We turn to dust too, don't we? And wouldn't
it be an affront to all the world if we didn't?
But before
we move on to our next point, we would like to call our first surprise
witness: the célèbre architect Le Corbusier.
It will be
a surprise to us if the man actually comes to the witness stand, for he
has been dead for over half a century. But we would like ask him some questions
anyway.
"Please
just answer yes or no," we begin. "Isn't it true that you are...or
were...one of the world's most famous architects?"
"Yes,"
answers Le Corbusier's ghost.
"And isn't
it also true that you designed many houses during your career."
"Yes."
"And so it
might be said that you were an expert on domestic architecture.
"Yes, that
is right."
"And in
your expert opinion, which you expressed whenever you had the chance, a
house really was nothing more...and here we quote your exact words...than
'a machine for living?'"
"Yes."
"In other
words, in your opinion, a house is just like a dishwasher, or a refrigerator...or
an automobile...isn't that right...?"
"Yes."
"And since
a house is no different from any other machine...isn't it logical and correct
to think that it will wear out..."
"Yes."
"And since
it will wear out like any other machine...isn't it logical and correct
to think that its price will fall....JUST LIKE ANY OTHER HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCE
OR MACHINE....?!"
At this point
in the proceeding, the opposing attorney rises from his chair...
"Counsel
is asking the witness to speculate about things he knows nothing about..."
We take the
point. Neither the world's most famous architect, nor even we, can say
what will happen. So, we content ourselves to direct your attention, dear
reader, to what has always happened: Over time, almost all things man creates
depreciates. Even the tax code recognizes it...allowing a taxpayer to write
off the value of a new building, even a house, over a few decades. At the
end of the period, the building is presumed to be worthless.
But let us
move along. Next witness! We call Mr. Hubert Homeowner.
"Mr. Homeowner,"
we commence, "you are the owner of an averagish house, wouldn't you say?
Well, just stop us if we're wrong...we're just reading from the dossier...
"Your house
has risen at nearly double-digit rates for about the last 8 years, isn't
that right? And you have cleverly taken advantage of that, isn't that
right? Isn't it true that you've refinanced your house 3 times in the last
5 years, partly to get a lower interest rate and partly to get some extra
cash? And isn't it true that you used some of that cash to build a new
sunroom on the house and upgrade the kitchen?
"Now, you
consider yourself a smart man. Those improvements to the house certainly
improved your enjoyment of the property. But would you describe them as
good investments?
"You would.
Because the house itself has been a very good investment for you, hasn't
it? You only put down $15,000 when you bought it 8 years ago. The return
on that investment has been spectacular. And so, you feel that improving
the quality of the asset is a good investment too, right?
"But you've
listened to the testimony so far. In light of what has been said about
the normal depreciation of a house and its contents, how do you reconcile
the two points of view? Isn't it perhaps more true to say that the new
kitchen was a lifestyle improvement...which you could afford because the
house itself has gained value?
"Okay...yes...maybe
that is a better way to put it. And, yes...of course, these things
make the house easier to sell. But then, isn't it also true that if you
don't make these sorts of upgrades, your house will be harder to sell?
So, in fact, you really have to make them, don't you...if you want to maintain
the house's value?
"Wait, I
can see you're struggling with that idea...because all houses have gone
up in price, haven't they? Even some of your neighbors who didn't make
these improvements have been able to sell at higher prices, isn't that
correct? So, at least in this market, the improvement may not be necessary.
If property prices were stable, on the other hand, do you think you could
get away without making improvements? Hard to say, isn't it? But certainly
you'd have to replace the roof from time to time. And paint. And put in
new carpets. And, yes, probably upgrade the kitchen and so forth.
"So, isn't
it safe to say that owning a home actually imposes some costs on its proprietor?
Even if the house is not going up in value?
"Yes?
"Still, you
consider your house your major asset, are we right about that?
"Yes?
"But it
is a funny asset, isn't it? You get to live in it, which is a bit like
a dividend or interest coupon. But you also have to take care of it...and
spend money on it...if you want it to hold its value. And, all things considered,
the physical thing - the house itself...if you could separate it from the
ground that it is on....would naturally lose value over time, right?
"Strange
asset, isn't it.
"And yet,
you say that your house has gone up in value - dramatically - over the
past 8 years. Not only that, but almost every house you know about
has done the same. That is real money, isn't it? We mean, you can take
the equity out if you want. You refinance your house to get it. And then
you can take it and spend it just like any other dollars you get. We see
here in your dossier that you bought all kinds of things, including a new
bicycle for your boy, Huey.
"Can you tell
us where that bicycle was made?
"China?
"How about
that. You were able to take out this 'equity' from your house and trade
it for a bicycle that came all the way from China. It's a remarkable
world, isn't it? We mean, you didn't have to work an extra minute for that
bike, did you? You didn't win it...no one gave it to you...you didn't have
to save for it or start a business or make a profit. It came almost like
magic from the 'equity' buildup in your house.
"Amazing.
"Well, what
do you think about this stuff called 'equity?' What do you think
it really is? Where does it come from? How come the Chinese guy didn't
take the equity out of his house and buy the bike himself?
"Your house
is worth about $200,000 if we have our information correct. Let's see,
if prices in your area were rising at about 10% per year, that would be
an increase in your wealth - tax free, we might add - of about $20,000
per year. Not bad. That's about 10 times the average income in China. And
you get it without lifting a finger.
"And...let's
see...your household income is about $80,000 per year. Or, about $60,000
after you've paid taxes. And, well...don't you think it is remarkable that
you get another $20,000 to spend...equal to a third of your disposable
income...without doing anything for it? How is that possible? Where does
the money come from?
"Yes, it
comes from an increase in the value of your house...but how? How is
it possible, that after all we've heard about the depreciating value of
your house and all its contents...that YOUR house seems to go in the opposite
direction? Everything else - even natural stone - deteriorates, degrades,
deflates, depreciates...but your house! Your house gets better...more valuable...more
desirable...more fetching and more appealing every blooming day. Your wife
doesn't get better looking every day, does she? We mean...looking at the
matter objectively, of course. But, somehow, your house does. How is that
possible? It seems almost to violate a law of nature...it almost seems
an affront to God himself, doesn't it? He made the world and everything
in it to decline with time...and your house stands like a beacon out of
time and space...out of this world, almost...somehow resisting all His
efforts to take it down...to reduce it...to make it bend to His laws. HOW
IS IT POSSIBLE?"
"Objection,
counsel is badgering the witness."
"May I be
excused?" asks the homeowner.
Yes. And so
may you, dear reader. At least for now. Tune in next week, when we call
our star witness: you.
More to come... |