Cerro Jefe: 10,000 Year Old Cloud Forest  ~ By Escapeartist Staff
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Cerro Jefe
In An Old Cloud Forest
By Escapeartist Staff
A Possible Brief History Of Cerro Jefe

There is a spot right at the edge of Chagres National Park in Panama where you can overlook the whole of the park, the Panama Canal, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the beginning of the Darien Jungle: the spot is known as Cerro Jefe – the highest point in Chargres National Park.

Cerro Jefe is a very old cloud forest and when you stand looking out over the forest you can feel just how old the forest is, so much so that at any moment you expect a dinosaur to stick its head out from behind some strange looking vegetation and bite off the top of an old palm tree. And I am not exaggerating.

The spot where Cerro Jefe is located is a strange one because of the important history that it overlooks: down in the valley below is where the Camino Real was located – the trail that the Spanish used to transport Peruvian gold from the Pacific side to the Caribbean side of Panama; when the gold arrived to the Caribbean port of Nombre de Dios, it was put on ships and sent to Spain. The Camino Real trail disappeared after the railroad was completed in the 1850s – you can still find remains of the trail in the jungle - but before the trail disappeared it was of interest to a number of adventurers and buccaneers: Henry Morgan and Francis Drake are probably the most famous buccaneers to have run raids along the trail. On the floor of the valley these adventurers probably couldn’t even see Cerro Jefe as the jungle is thick and the view to the hills is blocked by vegetation. But from Cerro Jefe, the Camino Real would have been visible, the air cooler than down on the Camino Real and the movement of ships on the Pacific and Caribbean oceans visible on a clear day.

During the time of Drake (16th century) and Morgan (17th century) the only people who would have known about Cerro Jefe would have been the Maroon and Indigenous communities; both lived in the Darien jungle, beyond the grasp of the Spanish.

The maroons were runaway slaves that escaped their Spanish owners and ran for the safety of the hills and jungle. They set up large communities known as Palenques; in the Darien jungle, the largest Palenque was known as Ronconcholon and it was well hidden in the depths of the Darien jungle.

Drake visited Ronconcholon and said almost 1700 people lived there. King Bayano who held out against the Spanish forces for two years was the leader of the Darien maroons in the 1550s; he was later captured by the Spanish and sent to a prison in Spain where he died.

After Bayano’s capture the maroons aligned themselves with English, French and Dutch buccaneers and helped the buccaneers run raids against the Spanish gold caravans along the Camino Real.

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Even arriving to Panama at that time was difficult; people had heard of it but the way to get there was not well-known as the winds in the Caribbean are difficult to navigate as you approach Panama, though you wouldn’t think that when you are walking in the breezes on the mainland.

Sir Francis Drake and John Hawkins were the most famous buccaneers of the 16th century, though there were French and Dutch pirates as well, that the maroons befriended in order to raid Spanish gold on the Camino Real. The raids against the Spanish might have been planned from a high vantage point like Cerro Jefe. Today if you go to the Darien jungle you can still see, in most of the settled communities, the descendants of the maroons; they are Catholic, unlike the West Indian, Jamaican, Barbadian communities that came to Panama to build the canal – who are for the most part Anglican.

Today the area around Cerro Jefe is sparsely populated and the few people who walk on the trails leading out of the hills and jungle come to the small town of Cerro Azul to buy supplies and then immediately head back to their homes in the deep jungle.

Cerro Jefe is now protected and considered extremely important to the health of the Panama Canal as the streams that run through Cerro Jefe are the headwaters to the Chargres river – the only river in the world that drains into both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans – which provides a large percentage of the enormous amount of water that is needed to run the canal.

To reach Cerro Jefe you take the highway that leads to the airport, but rather than turning in at the airport exit you head straight; after about 15 minutes you reach an intersection known as the 24th of December  (many intersections in Panama are given dates). At the 24th of December take a left at the police station and look for the signs to Cerro Azul.

The road will wind up into the mountains and after about 45 minutes you will reach Goofy Lake, the town of Cerro Azul and

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the residential project, Altos del Cerro Azul. After passing all of these landmarks the road will become dirt and then you have to find your way to Cerro Jefe. Ask where the 4X4 Cabañas are located. If you arrive in Panama at night, look for the red lights up in the hills as you leave the airport, that is Cerro Azul and Cerro Jefe.

The road up to Cerro Azul and Cerro Jefe was built from what I understand after WWII and was economically important because the Melo Corporation set up chicken farms along the road leading to Cerro Azul. The chicken houses are built into hillsides and down below the road and above the road; the farms don’t take away from the beauty of the area. There is an old neighborhood called Las Nubes that was built in the 1970s; many of the houses in Las Nubes are modeled on American fishing and hunting lodges. And many of the houses have been forgotten about as later, more disinterested generations either forgot about the houses or never had any interest in maintaining them. This is a good place to find a good deal on an old private house or on some land to build a new house. The Bed & Breakfast Casa De Campo is also located here.

Walt And Jacky

Well, Jacky is an excellent photographer from Colombia and Walt lived in Korea and jumped out of planes with the U.S. Military. Gabi came along – I had taken her before – and we parked the car and walked back into the forest, not jungle. The palm trees in the forest at Cerro Jefe are old and the view of the land and especially in the direction of the Darien jungle is, well, unique. We walked along a road that had been cut by Irenare now ANAM (Panamanian Natural Resource Protection Agency - if you want to go to Coiba Island in Veraguas, and you should go, then you need to talk with Anam) that led to a small stream that fed into the Chagres River.

Look out for the 4X4 cabañas, the turn to the cabañas are to the right, or to the opposite side of the road to Cerro Jefe or Cerro Pelon. The roads around this area are great for 4x4ing or mountain biking. The latter preferably, though the former is great if you have a case of beer and some friends and go exploring for hours down muddy trails and remote valleys. There is a heliport at the cabañas and the cabañas are set down in a land depression. I have never stayed at the cabañas but the spot looks nice. The forest around the cabañas is a paradise for bird-watchers; there are Crimson-bellied Woodpeckers, Black-headed Brush-Finch, Violet-capped Hummingbirds and the Tacarcuna Bush-Tanager.

The parties far back in the jungle, well beyond the 4X4 cabañas, are wild: you must understand firearms and their dangers and what shotgun shot is like falling onto an A-framed tin roof. I remember a party where everyone was dressed as little kids - blue scarves and small old-timey baseball caps with baseball men printed in crazy directions on the white fabric of the caps, bermuda shorts, tennis shirts and penny-loafers; the Venezuelan women were drenched in mud from four-wheeling it back in the jungle. During all of this we sat in bamboo chairs and benches in which our feet didn’t hit the ground and everyone had a gun and was flashing it around. People were shooting from a house below up towards where we were - a shotgun so there was no immediate danger as the distance between houses was far. The shooters screamed back and forth with merriment for each other. It was also Sunday at about 11:00a.m. and everyone was very friendly. A student friend of mine once told me that when she was growing up in the 80s in Nicaragua - she was part Italian, part Brazilian - that her parents always went to parties with the leaders of the Sandinistas and that at that time gun culture meant everything to the Sandinistas. Her father knew how to do business with the Sandinistas and so the family thrived. But part of his sucess was shooting and having his family deeply involved in firearms: smells of brass casings, booze and gunpowder: this was what she remembered most about Nicaragua.
 

When you stand in front of Cerro Jefe and look out over the forest, before you turn in at the 4X4 cabañas, look down the road that leads into the far distance to Altos de Pacora. The forest between the turn into the cabañas and the town of Altos de Pacora in the far distance is excellent for searching out birds and other wildlife like the Three-Toed Sloth.

Remember that it’s possible to drive to the San Blas Islands from the Pacific side of Panama. To do this, head to the town of Chepo – founded by Maroons, and well-known in Panama for its excellent eye-doctors – once you pass through the town be on the lookout for a road on your left that takes you across to San Blas. It’s a long trip, 8 or 9 hours or more – I’ve never done it – and a 4X4 can get stuck, but great fun if you like adventure. A British friend of mine named Judy who now lives in Cape York, Australia, built a small place on the bad road over to San Blas. They have some cabañas and a main house where you can stay.

Gamboa

If you are thinking of buying some property in Panama then you should look at homes in Gamboa. Lots of people know the Gamboa Rainforest Resort, but if you go to the resort make sure to check out the town of Gamboa. The canal and railroad run through Gamboa and the feeling of being deep within the Canal Zone is strongest in Gamboa as it is tucked in right between the cut of the canal and the jungle and the river Chagres. The houses are located in very quiet and very private neighborhoods and some have views that overlook the railroad and the canal. The old railroad bridge runs across the river Chagres and the road from the bridge leads past the old Canal Zone penitentiary; I also heard that some of Noriega’s elite female guard had their headquarters located near and around Gamboa. The area is now very quiet with almost no traffic or inhabitants. The Gamboa dock - in Gamboa and to the right as you approach the railroad bridge - is a great place to begin a fishing trip out to Lake Gatun. U.S. troops liked to fish in the lake and they came in and out of this dock in the early morning and late evening. From Gamboa you can search for the Camino Real. There are stones you can find in the jungle that were part of the trail; the people living in area, so I am told, know where the old trail runs.

Cardenas

Cardenas is another interesting neighborhood in the former Zone. It’s the approach to Cardenas which is so unique: there is a very beautiful open and shaded American-style cemetery to your left as you enter that looks like a unique blend of Panama and the U.S. Cardenas itself is tucked back into a kind of hidden bowl with houses and playing fields. There are many empty houses.

Books

Read a very interesting account of the terrorist organization that assassinated Czar Alexander II of Russia in March of 1881; the organization’s name was the People’s Will. The book was written by Richard Pipes and is called The Degaev Affair. A short book, it describes how Sergei Degaev (1857-1921) became an activist in the People’s Will, then betrayed the group to the Russian Royal secret police; after confessing to the police, Degaev doubled-back around and had the mysterious state security chief, Georgii Sudeikin, who Degaev had been feeding information to about the People's Will anti-monarchic terrorist operations, assassinated. Degaev then left Russia for Europe – France first then Great Britain - landed in the States via Canada, then onto St. Louis, Missouri, Washington University, John’s Hopkins University and finally a quiet and well-respected life at the University of South Dakota. The book has great photos of all the characters, some of the photos were idenified just three years ago.

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