| Cultural
Attitudes Towards Learning: |
| The People's
Republic of China |
| Article and photos by
Eva Lynne |
| Eva Lynne
is an ESL teacher in the People's Republic of China. She'd dreamed of coming
to China to teach since her early teens. She is an accomplished classical
cellist and her favorite composers are Dvorak and Smetana.
In traditional
Chinese culture the first born son is considered the hope of the family.
In the past, one of his many obligations and responsibilities was to look
after his parents in their elder years. This meant that at either his parents
retirement, or at the birth of his first child, his parents would come
to live with him and take their honored position as part of his household.
It was expected. The comfort of their later years was in direct proportion
to the economic prosperity of their first born son. |
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| Education
is a precious privilege and a keen recognition of this is ever so evident
in China, where it is taken very seriously. Not so long ago, perhaps
fifteen or twenty years, only the top 5% of high school graduates were
admitted into college, and thus securing a higher education was a rare
privilege indeed. This resulted in a climate of very fierce competition
for the few spaces available, which still exists to this day. For this
reason education is considered a family venture. Everyone participates.
In China
it is said that the three most important persons in your life are:
your mother because she gave you birth; your father because he guides your
upbringing and prosperity; and your teacher because a teacher nurtures
your mind.
Children
in primary school know from a very young age that they are expected to
do their best to secure a complete education with the highest marks possible.
With the law of "one family, one child", this responsibility becomes
more pronounced. From as early as first and second grade they are taught
that school is important and they must do their absolute best. In classrooms
of forty to seventy-two students each, a child learns quickly that one’s
education is one’s own responsibility. |
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| It is common
for families to hire tutors to keep their child on track and at the top
of the class.
Kindergartens
are usually separate from primary school. In China, both parents usually
work, but even if they don't, most children traditionally begin kindergarten
around age two and a half or three. Kindergartens are overseen by three
main people.
Each kindergarten
class has a teacher or two (depending on the number of children)
and often a teacher’s aid as well.
Each kindergarten
is also required to have a nutritionist who sees that the nutritional requirements
of each child are met in the two meals (breakfast and lunch) which
are consumed at school, as well as a doctor who sees to their health requirements
and distributes whatever medication is deemed necessary. |
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| Primary, middle,
and high school pupils and students spend six to eight hours a day at school
–- between eight and nine o'clock in the morning and five o'clock in the
evening.
This rigorous
schedule is broken up by a lunch break and much-needed nap between noon
and two p.m. Both pupils and students. often stay after school to study
and do homework, and in middle and high school, schools are often open
on Saturday for special classes and homework.
The traditional
teaching method in China is to teach, require students to memorize, review
and test. The proficiency of a student is determined by his or
her test scores, while the efficacy of a teacher is often determined by
the test scores of his or her class. The academic quality of a school is
rated by the test scores of its students, and so on. Someone is always
on top, and someone is always on the bottom. The competition continues.
State awards are given to schools with the highest test scores.
Traditionally,
when someone graduates from university it is time to begin thinking about
getting married. |
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| It is not
legal to marry before age 23 so women usually marry between the ages
of 23 and 27, and men usually marry between the ages of 26 to 33.
Soon after
this time a child is planned and the cycle begins again.
Education
in China is viewed as a life-long process. Throughout life the quest
for knowledge and the desire to better one's mind is fervent.
Every morning
various exercise classes are held in the cultural plaza of every town
and on any given evening one can join in a public concert or ballroom dance
class in the parking lot of a main office building, or attend a lecture
at a local institution of learning. Weekends are filled with music lessons
and English classes and both young and old can be observed edifying their
minds, bodies, and spirits in their quest of knowledge. |
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