Does Money Grow on Trees? - Growing Teak Wood In Bocas Del Toro, Panama
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Does Money Grow on Trees?
Growing Teak Wood In Bocas Del Toro, Panama
By: Cindy Ellis Cody
Some may think investing in trees is the stuff of fantasy.  But the hard facts about hardwoods are a far cry from fairy tale—especially in Panama.

The Law 24 incentives—a program to encourage investment in the tree-growing sector—are just some of the reasons investors choose to get growing in Panama. With 100% exoneration on taxes (both for imported equipment and future profits); a reforestation visa for a minimum $40,000 investment; combined with an outstanding opportunity to earn profits offshore—all of these are reason enough.  Combined with the numbers on future lumber yields (projections of 1460%+ return over the life of a 20 year teak plantation, are the norm), the activity presents itself as a highly profitable medium to long-term investment with low risk.

Panama’s advantages have been enumerated often: its dollar-based economy; attractive Miami-like capital; its balmy climate and friendly people; a democratically-elected, stable government; cultural and natural beauty and diversity; home to one of the most important famous waterways in the world: the Panama Canal. Panama’s status as an independent offshore center—at a time when many other such havens are feeling pressure from US and UK tax authorities—is also noteworthy.

The Tweak of Teak

Teak is prized throughout the world for its use in boat building, fine furniture making, flooring, veneers, cabinetry and joinery.  Because of it natural oils, it is resistant to moisture and the drying effects of weather.  In short, teak is a well-known wood with established markets and a proven reputation. A non-indigenous species with great resiliency which grows best in pastureland, Tectona grandis is easy to establish, fast-growing (especially in areas where there is no dormant season such as Bocas del Toro) and relatively problem free, with maintenance expenses being most intensive in the first three years.

The first thinning in year 4 may yield small dimension lumber; but the first major harvest of trees takes place in year 12 with subsequent harvesting cycles in years 16 and 20.  Current wholesale price in the US?  Approximately $2.50 per board foot wholesale FOB for teak of this grade.

The Jones Forestry and Development Corp. formed by a diverse coalition of some of Panama’s most successful business people sights “economic solvency, security in investments and high economic returns” as the reason they chose to establish a 2,000 hectare* (4,940 acre) project of teak in the Darien in 1996.

(*One hectare = 2.47 acres)

On the other end of the spectrum, Fred Rulison, an American investor, has planted 22,000 teak trees in an ANAM

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(National Authority of the Environment) approved project on Isla
San Cristobal, Bocas del Toro, as a legacy for his children and grand children.  At three years old, his teak trees are averaging 10.5M (34.44 feet) in height with diameters of approximately 12.2 cm (4.8 inches)—a measurement taken at a one meter (3.28 feet) height from the ground.

For the first major harvest in year 12 it is estimated that each tree will yield 233 board feet of commercial lumber, or 111m3 per hectare; in year 16, 112.5 m3 is expected.  For the final harvest in year 20, the forecast is for a conservative 223m3 per hectare on the remaining trees.

At today’s prices on these projected yields ($1.00 domestic per board foot; $2.50/bf international), an alluring $419,200 per hectare in the domestic market, or $1,136,914 per hectare in the international market are not unreasonable values. Bottom line? Teak is the hands-down favorite for investors in this sector owing to its high end-market value.

Many other options

But is teak the only way to go?  Not by a long shot.  According to Ing.Bolivar Jaen of ANAM, there are 1,101 individual Law 24-approved projects in Panama today covering a total of 38,217 hectares (94,396 acres).  Of these, 21,748 has. (53,717 acres) are of teak, the remainder are of pine, cedar, acacia, mahogany and other mixed hardwood species.

When asked what recommendations ANAM makes for the successful tree projects, Ing. Jaen states that “although there are no official recommendations, ANAM encourages the utilization of the mixed native species of a given area.” 

Native tree seeds are generally easier to collect, and once planted are less maintenance intensive.  Also, local knowledge of indigenous trees serves to co-opt Panamanian farm workers into the process, making the whole process more sustainable.

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Laurel (Cordia alliodora) is one of Panama’s most common softwoods whose two-tone gold-colored heartwood is used for common construction, as well as for furniture; it is mature in 8 to 10 years with yields of up to 600 board feet of marketable lumber when fully grown.  Though less precious than teak at $.50 per board foot (current wholesale domestic price, unmilled), laurel grows easily in many terrains, needs little maintenance and does not require pruning. Laurel is noted for its straight, tall trunks. Other indigenous species worth considering include Roble de Sabana (Spanish oak); Cedro Espino (spiny cedar); Nispero (chicle tree); Caoba (mahogany), Cocobolo (rosewood), Criollo (ironwood)—the list goes on and on.  Though most tropical hardwoods (with longer maturities than laurel) flourish best in areas of regrowing pastureland or secondary growth forests requiring a non-linear approach to planting, it may be worth the effort to establish a true reforestation project of mixed species in these areas. Increasingly, the demand for fine hardwoods such as Nazareno (purple heart), Ron Ron (goncalo alves), Coco Mono (monkey coconut) and the like, is increasing as fewer and fewer of these mature trees are to be found in the wild.

Supply and Demand

The Forestry and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the U.N. report, State of the World’s Forests 2001, states that: “The estimated net annual change in forest area worldwide during 1990-2000 was –9.4 million hectares representing the estimated annual rate of deforestation of 14.6 million has. and the annual rate of forest area increase of 5.2 million has.”

The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the clearing house for information and prices on tropical hardwoods worldwide, states that “tropical hardwood log imports rose by 25% between 1998 and 1999 with a 3.6 million m3 gap between imports and exports in 2000.”  Latin American countries processed virtually all tropical logs harvested in 1998-2000, according to ITTO’s annual report published in January 2002.

The hard numbers on hardwoods speak for themselves.  With the supply of wild hardwoods rapidly running out, more restrictions being placed on log exports, and increasing demand worldwide, there is little doubt that the hardwood plantation of the future will have substantial value.

Panama has many advantages for the investor who chooses trees.  Land and labor costs are reasonable.  There are few, if any, property taxes to pay.  Under Law 24, future profits on logs and lumber are exonerated, as is any sales tax.

Money, perhaps, does not really grow on trees, but in Panama many investors are already proving, it comes remarkably close.

Paul and Cindy Cody have lived in Isla Bocas del Toro for the past six and a half years and have planted over 150,000 trees and sold more than 72 square kilometers of farmland in the province, mostly for government-approved tree farms. Contact them on: E-Mail: trees@cwp.net.pa  tel. (507) 757 9751

Send a check for $50 made payable to Gloria Ellis to: Gloria Ellis, 665 Moraine Street, Marshfield, MA 02050.  When she has this, a copy of the business plan will be downloaded to you.  Don't forget to include your email address!

Links: http://realestate.escapeartist.com/P-22443
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Addendum:

The Bocas Del Toro Archipelago - The most popular place in Panama is Bocas Del Toro - and with good reason. There is more to do in Bocas Del Toro than anywhere in Central America and the Caribbean combined.  It is the Caribbean, the lowest priced real estate in the Caribbean, it is Panama, and Bocas is just an hour from the high-tech international banking center of Panama City, and minutes from the European ambiance of San Jose, Costa Rica. (In fact it's only minutes by water ferry to Costa Rica,) and it's sailing, diving and surfing is world renown. 

What makes Bocas Del Toro so inviting? -  It's the wide range of activities and the international flavor.  Boquete will never be an international community, merely a retirement location of sorts where people go to listen to their hair fall out.  Bocas Del Toro on the other hand has already reached 'critical mass' as an international expat haven. Unlike Belize, to make another comparison, Bocas has no hurricanes, no 'Rasta' crime, no miles of tropical swamp, and no mosquitoes. Belize has no surf, no decent cities in proximity where one can enjoy the city life.

Surfs Up! Yes, Bocas Del Toro has great surf.  The Archipelago has everything.  European restaurants, a modern airport, internet connection, telecommunications, a peaceful and friendly population, low crime, and a very interesting cultural scene of expatriates from around the world. There is bargain real estate.  There is San Cristobal with $5,000 per acre waterfront lots, and Isla Solarte, an entire island, minutes from Bocas Town has a well planned expat development.  We have an entire section on Bocas Del Toro Real Estate -  See The Bocas Del Toro Real Estate Section - Find out about Bocas Del Toro and you'll find out why you'll want to live there.  It's already the best expat haven in the world.  Come see.

Boating, Sailing, Zodiac Jamming -  Everyone in the Bocas Del Toro Archipelago seems to own a boat.  In fact you can live in Bocas without a car, but everyone wants a boat.  Water taxis abound, but it's more fun to jump in the family zodiac and go shopping, diving, surfing, fishing, or just island hopping.  The extraordinary calm and protected waters of the Archipelago mean that one can go on the water 365 days a year. No hurricanes or inclement weather, and an endless archipelago that is an ecological paradise.

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