| I
recently arrived back to Uruguay after guiding a two weeks agriculture
and agribusiness study tour through Mato Grosso (Brazil), Argentina
and Uruguay. It was a trip I organized for Kansas State University
Masters of Agribusiness alumni -
At the end
of the trip the group spent three days visiting Uruguay. One day touring
Colonia city, strolling the old colonial part of the city and also exploring
its agricultural surroundings. Another day crossing the country’s grasslands
and cattle heartland and visiting estancias (“ranches”) like Estancia Rincón
of Mr. Rafael Gallinal in the province of Florida. The rest of the time
was spent touring Punta del Este, a beautiful oceanic beach resort, and
Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital city.
Several
features of Uruguay caught the attention of the group, its landscape
of natural grasslands and fresh water, its slow pace and easygoing way
of life, and the open friendliness of its people at hotels, restaurants
and everywhere on the streets.
There might
be several slow pace countries to live on our planet. Uruguay must no doubt
be at the top of the list. |
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It
was most striking for visitors to see the 20 kilometers of Montevideo’s
seashore full of people all ages walking, jogging, biking or just sitting
in groups among friends, chatting , sharing mate (a national herb infusion)
and spending time together.
Uruguayans
share a Spanish linguistic and cultural background, even though about
one-quarter of the population is of Italian origin. Its dominant ethnic
group is European descendent which makes for 93% of the population, mostly
descendents from Italian and Spanish immigrants. There are also many descendents
from British and German immigrants. Although Uruguay is among the most
secular and religion blind countries in the world, dominant religion is
Roman Catholics 52%, Protestant and other Christian 16%, Jewish 2% and
non professing 32%. Church and state are officially separated since early
1900’s.
Montevideo,
the capital city, was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century
as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial
center competing with Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires. Uruguay's early
19th century history was shaped by ongoing conflicts between the British,
Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay
region. In 1811, Jose Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero,
launched a successful revolt against Spain. |
| In
1821, the Provincia Oriental del Rio de la Plata, present-day Uruguay,
was annexed to Brazil by Portugal. The Provincia declared independence
from Brazil in August 25, 1825 (after numerous revolts in 1821, 1823, and
1825) but decided to adhere to a regional federation with Argentina.
The regional federation defeated Brazil after a 3-year war. The 1828 Treaty
of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom, gave birth to Uruguay as
an independent state.
The vision
of Montevideo habitants strolling along the seashore should not give
the idea that Uruguayans are not hard working people.. The country’ per
capita income is second only to Chile in all Latin America. It is simply
a different and peculiar approach to life Uruguayans have. Maybe it is
also a different concept of how to value their lifetime. If you feel like
inviting a friend or a neighbor to joint you for dinner, or for a Sunday
asado (barbecue) there is no need for early invitations and formalities.
Plans and scheduled are always open for change if for better.
Its slow pace
shows also regarding its population growth rate which is of only 0,6% per
year. United Nations forecasts that in 300 more years Uruguayans will still
be the same 3,4 million they are today.
Yet, as slow
as Uruguayans may seem to be, they’ve been worldwide first in a few
areas that still make their people feel proud. It was the first country
in Latin America to give women the right to vote in national elections.
It was the
first nation in the world to have minimum wage scale for agricultural workers.
Slavery
was never permitted and the eight hours work day was established 70 years
ago. Last but not least, this small country was the first to win the
World Football (soccer) Championship back in 1930.
Uruguay has
traditionally been better off than many other countries in South America,
and is known for its progress in education, its advanced welfare system
and its liberal laws governing social issues such as divorce. |
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A
recent report by IUCN - The World Conservation Union - presents a ranking
of countries based on what they call The Wellbeing Index , a combination
of a Human Wellbeing Index and Ecosystem Wellbeing Index.. Uruguay is
ranked in place 11 in this index of 180 countries. It also ranks #6
on the World Ranking of the Environmental Sustainability Index 2002, according
to a Study presented by the universities of Yale and Columbia (U.S.A.)
covering a total of 142 nations. On corruption Uruguay ranks better than
most and close to several European countries.
On a planet
that is running out of fresh water, Uruguay is a fresh water paradise.
A dense hydrographic network of rivers, streams and lakes, shapes the landscape.
Slightly rolling hills divide the valleys of the larger rivers and their
hundreds of tributaries, irrigate a vast natural prairie. To the south
is the "Río de la Plata" river, "a river as wide as the sea", as
the natives called it. There are hundreds of kilometers of uninterrupted
coastline, most of which has beaches of pure-white sand.
The climate
is temperate, rather humid and variable, with no major differences
between summer and winter due mainly to sea influence. The average temperatures
are 23º C in summer, 18º C in autumn, 11º C in winter and
17º C in spring. Exceptionally, in summer temperature can reach 40º
C and in winter it can go down to 3º C. |
| The
average annual rainfall is between 1,000 and 1,300 mm, with minor seasonal
variations; less rain in summer than in winter. There are no important
changes in average temperature or in rainfalls within the different
regions of the country. Snowstorms, hurricanes and earthquakes are unknown.
Droughts are not endemic but once every then years a 20 to 30% rainfall
shortage can be expected.
Due to its
attractive natural and social characteristics, a growing number of foreigners
are moving to Uruguay or buying properties. Most of them Argentineans,
followed by Brazilians and Europeans.
Argentineans
are buying land for grain and soybean agriculture due to favorable price
relations and to the convenience of proximity to major agriculture areas
in Argentina such as Buenos Aires province and Rosario Ports. Whereas one
hectare of land for soybean costs US$ 4,000 in Argentina, it costs US$
1500 in Uruguay.
Brazilians
are buying land mostly on the East side of the country for rice production
and cattle raising.
As prices of
land in Brazil increase, farmers are looking for new horizons and supplies
sources for their cattle industry. Rice land sale for US$ 800 per hectare
and cattle raising land sale between US$ 400 and US$700 per hectare depending
on location and quality - Farming
Uruguay is a gate to investment opportunities in Uruguay's agriculture
-
Europeans first
arrive on holidays, attracted by sun and beach. Slowly they discover that
there is more than sun and beach as they explore the country side, and
the natural beauties of Bañados del Este, a Natural Reserve designated
by UNESCO.
Increasing
numbers of nature and ecotourists and bird watchers are coming, mainly
from northern Europe to discover miles and miles of lonely oceanic beaches
and, as they say, a grasslands “paradise” full of fresh water and pristine
nature. |
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