Every uranium investor is probably already aware of the flooding problems at the Cigar Lake mine in northern Saskatchewan. The mine—which was slated to produce 16% of world mined uranium supply—was plunged into doubt in October 2006 after water began gushing into the underground workings. 

The problem is that the Cigar Lake ore is hosted in sandstone—a rock type through which water flows easily, to the detriment of engineers. But not all deposits in Saskatchewan’s prolific Athabasca Basin are sandstone-hosted. Some uranium occurs in so-called “basement” rocks—more competent, drier layers beneath the sandstone. The problem is that many basement deposits are deep, which increases mining costs.

But it’s a lesser-known fact that more accessible basement ores are found outside of the Athabasca Basin proper. In these outlying areas, the sandstone that once covered the basement has been eroded, making deposits easier to get at. In fact, one of the Basin’s largest mines—Key Lake—was found in such a setting.

But while basement deposits are extremely prospective, they have been largely ignored by investors, who focus more on those companies working the thick of things in the middle of the Basin. The basement deposits have been ignored largely because most of the recent mines have been found underneath the sandstone and so exploration has tended to focus there. In addition, until recently, scientific understanding of basement deposits was also poor, but considerable advancements have been made over the past 20 years, since the last uranium cycle. Therein lies the opportunity. Many companies with prospective basement deposits have none of this upside factored into their share price, meaning we can take a low-cost ride on the potential of such plays. 

One of our favorites is JNR Resources’ Way Lake project. The property has yielded phenomenally high-grade samples (greater than 40% U3O8), and yet many investors have never heard of the play. That will likely change this summer when JNR (sym: JNN. TSX-V) begins drilling. Some high-grade intersections are a distinct possibility and could well bring investors running to this company and others working the basement, including Hathor Exploration (HAT.TSX-V, Triex Minerals (TXM.TSX-V), and Forum Uranium (FDC.TSX-V).

For years, low uranium prices meant that exploration companies searched mainly for high-gradeS ores—the type of deposits that all but guarantee a profit even during downturns in the market. But with prices rising, the industry is now realizing that lower-grade deposits may be important sources of yellowcake. After all, such ores are very profitable with uranium at multi-year price highs. 

In fact, one of the world’s largest uranium mines—Rossing, Namibia—works a bulk tonnage target at grades less than 0.1% U3O8. It’s no wonder that a number of companies are now quietly looking for the next Rossing. Where might such a mega-deposit be found? Perhaps very close to home. The province of Quebec has long been known to host so-called pegmatite uranium deposits—similar to the geology of Rossing.

A few explorers have been catching our attention with potentially high-impact targets in this region. For example, Uracan Resources (URC. TSX-V) has assembled a prospective land package in southern Quebec, with trenching yielding results of 0.2% U3O8 over as much as 40 meters. The company will be drilling aggressively in 2007 to prove up a resource, which shows signs of being sizeable.

And the coming year may see the discovery of a completely new Rossing-type deposit in northern Quebec. Quebec experts Azimut Exploration (AZM.TSX-V) along with partner Northwestern Mineral Ventures (NWT.TSX-V) spotted the potential in the area a few years ago, confirming their hypothesis through sampling in 2006 at the North Rae project which yielded assays of up to 0.5% U3O8—ten times the average grade at the Rossing deposit. And like Rossing, the North Rae mineralized system appears to extend over several tens of kilometers, giving it potential for huge ore reserves.

The initial drill program on the target will be completed during the coming season, possibly representing a turning point and driving home to investors that Quebec has the potential to host a world-class deposit. (We’ll be paying very close attention to the progress of the drill program in the pages of the Casey Energy Speculator). 

#3: Go Where No Company Has Gone Before

The recent uranium boom has led the new crop of explorers to nearly every country on the planet. Wherever there are available yellowcake deposits, junior companies have lined up to stake land, swing scintillometers and Swiss-cheese the ground with drill holes. 

The key word being available. While many nations are open to uranium exploration, there are several localities where authorities have been less inviting. Two of the most significant are India and Brazil. Both have known deposits of significant scale—in fact, Indian drills have cut high-grade uranium up to 10% U3O8. 

And yet officials in these countries have not been granting exploration licenses. At least not yet. In recent conversations with Indian government officials, we’ve learned that the country may soon be opening up to exploration, with talks already underway with several companies already well positioned to lead the charge into India’s high-grade basins.