Spain: An Overview
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Spain: An Overview
From Your Key to Spain
October 2006

Spain is a country with a rich, colourful and diverse history, a land of many varied regions and a people who are proud and welcoming. For many first-time visitors to Spain, the expectations are of frequently used and evocative media images of sangria, sombreros and bullfights. While all of these play a part within traditional Spanish culture, there is much more that makes modern Spain a progressive, diverse and cosmopolitan society.

The history of Spain has been greatly influenced by its strategic positioning at the entrypoint to Southern Europe and Northern Africa, with its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and the influence of many ethnicities and religions.

As an example of these influences, the traditional flamenco was first danced by the gypsies of Andalucia, while bullfighting was first introduced to mainland Spain by the Greeks and Phoenicians, and was later adapted by the invading Moors so that it became the more ritualistic event that is witnessed today.
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Many people don't realise that turbulent times existed in Spain until fairly recently.

The outbreak of the bitterly divisive Spanish Civil War in 1936 saw the Republic overthrown by General Franco and his nationalist movement. Only upon Franco's death in 1975 was democracy restored, under the monarchy of King Juan Carlos.

Politically and economically, Spain has grown up quickly as a nation since then, and is now ranked as one of the European Union's key players, with a thriving economy and a growing presence on the world stage, as emphasised during recent years by the close relationship between the then-Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar and his counterparts in the US and the UK. Indeed, one of the most remarkable political events of recent times took place in Spain immediately following the terrorist bomb blasts in Madrid on March 11 2004. Three days later, Aznar, who had been cruising to victory in the country's general election race, was defeated by his counterpart Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, who had committed to the withdrawal of Spanish troops from Iraq as one of his main campaign pledges.

Demographics & Landscape

Spain is the second largest country in Europe (after France) with a surface area of 505,992 km2 and a population of over 44 million.

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The country is split into 17 autonomous communities, and boasts a wide variety of regions based upon landscape, geography, climate and culture. With tourism one of its major industries, it's no surprise that many visitors to Spain only get as far as lying on a beach on one of the famous Spanish Costas, or of visiting one of the historic Spanish cities, such as Madrid or Barcelona. In truth, there is so much more to see – the ´real´ Spain is made up of vast, elevated tablelands and five major mountain ranges that stretch across the country. Few people realise that with an average altitude of 2133 ft, Spain is the highest European country after Switzerland.

Spain's landscape varies from the green wetlands of Galicia to the sunbaked plains of Castilla-La Mancha, from the deserts of Andalucia to the rugged snowcapped peaks of the Pyrenees. Even its coastline differs from region to region, from the fabulous dunes and windswept beaches of the Costa de la Luz on the Atlantic coast to the cliffs and estuaries of Galicia in the northwest of the country.

Jet Set

Without doubt, Spain's fabulous beaches are its main attraction, and the reason why it attracts over 50 million tourists each year. Holiday-makers (particularly from the harsh climate of Northern Europe) can escape to the Spanish sun at virtually any time of the year, knowing that the sun continues to shine for an average of 320 days per year in certain areas of Southern Spain.

With the advent of European low-cost, no-frills airlines such as Easyjet, Spanair, Ryanair and Air Berlin, it is often more affordable for tourists from countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and the UK to indulge in a jet-set lifestyle, rather than spending their precious leisure time closer to home.

Climate

The climate in Spain is diverse. Many people don't realise that Madrid, the nation´s capital, freezes during the winter months, while it enjoys temperatures in excess of 86F in the summer months.

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If we travel further south, the weather becomes less severe, particularly on the flat coastal plains, but particular mention must be made of the stunning city of Seville, where temperatures in August often hit 100F, and of the Sierra Nevada mountain range near the ancient city of Granada, now acknowledged as one of the finest ski destinations in Europe. In fact, after a morning on the slopes, you can be basking on the beaches of Andalucia province within a 90 minutes drive, a true contrast to enjoy.

Lifestyle

The lifestyle in Spain tends to be of a far slower pace than is typical in most European countries. While this may frustrate those energetic workaholics among us, once you adapt to the pace of life, it´s easy to appreciate its benefits. The Spanish people in general tend to be very family-oriented and place great importance on their time in the company of family and friends. This is undoubtedly a reason why mealtimes are so important, and why the Spanish siesta (a break in the middle of the day that can last anything between 1 and 4 hours) is still so popular, particularly in the south of the country where the summer temperatures can be stifling.

Evening meals in Spain, again particularly in the South, tend to take place much later than most Europeans or Americans are used to. Most local restaurants don´t start to fill up until well past 10pm, particularly in the summer months; and although the revellers may then go for a ´copa´ or a ´vino´ in a bar that may stay open until 5am, the end of the night for most Spaniards tends to involve a coffee or an ice-cream with their friends in a busy and noisy cafeteria.

One of the most pleasant aspects of the Spanish people and their culture is their utmost respect for and devotion to their children. This also means that the children of tourists and complete strangers are often treated as their own, hence why most Spanish seaside promenades in the summer season are full of children playing and having fun, well into the early hours.

The most sacred day for Spaniards is a Sunday, not just because 85% of the population are Roman Catholics, but because it usually represents the one opportunity of the week where all family members can gather and spend quality time with each other. This is why the beaches in popular Spanish resorts can be packed to bursting on Sundays, when entire families descend on the sand with their tents, chairs, tables, barbecues and supplies of fish, vegetables and fruit. Typical of the Spanish way, the families tend to share their delicious fare with anyone within the immediate vicinity.

Another great occasion is the Spanish celebration of New Year, when whole communities gather in the village squares and celebrate each chime of midnight by swallowing a grape and taking a sip of champagne. The Spanish custom at Christmas is to spend time with the family on Christmas Eve, but to save their presentation of gifts until January 6, the Day of the Kings, hence why most New Year sales in the shops don´t commence until January 7.

Fiestas & Festivals

Other famous Spanish festivals include Semana Santa, the Holy week of Easter, celebrated throughout Spain with incredibly moving processions through the streets of major towns and cities. The volunteers can often end up marching for hours on end, in barefeet, enacting the various stages of The Passion of Christ. 

The Spanish people certainly know how to party, and carnivals take place in most towns and cities throughout the year. For instance, Valencia's week-long party in February is legendary, marked by all-night dancing, drinking, fireworks and colourful processions. Seville's Feria de Abril is the perfect antidote to the reverence and sombre nature of the preceeding Semana Santa. La Tomatina is a very famous event that takes place in the Valencian town of Buñol, during which the town's folk proceed to cover themselves and each other with the surplus from the town's tomato harvest in a riotous event. The Running of The Bulls in Pamplona is perhaps the most famous festival in Spain, where brave (or foolish) volunteers volunteer to run ahead of a herd of wild, charging bulls through the narrow, cobbled streets of San Fermin.

Sports

In addition to being great party-goers, the Spanish also love their sports. The country can boast some of the finest soccer teams in the world, and the famous clubs of Real Madrid and Barcelona have two of the sport's greatest stadia as their homes, the impressive Estadio Santiago Bernabeu in Madrid and the Nou Camp in Barcelona. The rivalry between the two teams is legendary, and dates back to the fractious days of Franco. Each club even has its very own daily newspaper dedicated to news of the club. Such is the loathing between the teams that one of this generation's best players, Luis Figo of Real Madrid (and once of Barcelona), during his first return to the Nou Camp after his bitter transfer between the clubs, prepared to take a corner kick, only to find a pig´s head, that had been thrown from the crowd, at his feet.

Football isn't the only Spanish sporting obsession, with the sports of golf, cycling and tennis also hugely popular.

Property

Most people accept that Spain is a great place to live, and a superb choice for a holiday destination. So what of its property market? 

Property prices in Spain have been on the rise for several years. In fact, certain areas have recently experienced annual double-digit growth. As the Spanish economy and the earning capacity of the Spanish people has increased, so the interest in the country's property stock from distant shores has also been on the increase. 

While demand amongst the local population has been growing, the Northern Europeans who have traditionally been holidaying in the country, have chosen to invest in property within Spain. This boom has been fuelled by relatively cheap properties, the fantastic climate, the relaxed lifestyle and the advent of the low-cost airlines. Coupled with these factors, the technology age has allowed more people to ´hot-desk´ and to be able to work from laptops set up in their holiday homes abroad.

In addition, more people are now seeking a permanent move to sunnier climes. When you consider the alarming statistic that over 50% of UK residents would rather emigrate to another country, Spain is well-positioned only 2 hours away, to capitalise on this potential exodus. In fact, this emigration has already begun, with more and more Northern Europeans seeking a better quality of life away from cold, dark winters, stressful jobs and rising crime. Crucially in this case, the group of people most active in seeking a move away are the 25-44 age group, taking with them the skills and enthusiasm so crucial to any economic climate.

With the formation of the European Union, there are no restrictions of movement between member countries, and this has meant ´foreigners´ creating a plethora of new businesses and opportunities within the Spanish economy, which in turn has fuelled the local, domestic economies and increased employment opportunities for the local populations, particularly in the service and tourism sectors.

There are many options for the potential Spanish property investor, from seaside penthouses to frontline golf villas, from hillside hideaways to inland fincas, with prices varying according to region. For instance, a 4 bed villa in a developing area of inland Spain would probably be less expensive than a 1 bed beachside apartment in one of the developed and hugely popular areas, such as the Costa del Sol. 

There are two types of property purchase. The first is a typical resale property, ready for immediate use. The second is what's called an off-plan purchase, where you buy direct from a developer's plans, with completion normally anticipated within an 18 month – 2 year period. In this second type of purchase, investors can spread the payments, and this can be particularly beneficial in a rising market and if the intention is to re-sell relatively quickly. 

The rental market in Spain is strong, as it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. In some areas that can offer easy access to beaches and also golf courses, the rental season can last 12 months, as the golfers usually head to the multitude of courses in Southern Spain from September to May, with the sun worshippers heading to the Costas in their droves during the summer months.

Whichever way you look at it, Spain is one of Europe's property investment hotspots, with an existing infrastructure, a stable economy, a fabulous climate, ease of access and a wide choice of properties.
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Immigration from the US

US citizens may enter Spain for up to 90 days without a visa. If you wish to remain longer, you will need to obtain an ´extension of stay´ from the immigration authorities. This extension will be for no more than a further 90 days and must be requested from a police station at least three weeks before the initial entry period expires. It is only granted under exceptional circumstances. If you are considering a stay in Spain of more than three months, you should consult the Spanish embassy closest to your place of residence in the US prior to travelling.

Escape Artist is very pleased to be working in partnership with Your Key to Spain to provide up to date and complete information on all aspects of living, working and relocating to Spain. We are seeking content partners in all countries and invite you to contact us if you have indepth and specialist knowledge about any other country. Click here and complete the submission form, selecting the partnership option, to register your interest in participating.

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