| Architects
Of The Floating World |
| By Michael
O'Flynn |
| This article
first appeared on findaproperty.com and has been reproduced with their
permission |
| Forget
the little Dutch boy who held back the deluge by putting his finger in
the dike: architects in the Netherlands are busy designing new houses that
float serenely on the flood...
You can hear
the jokes already: too much hydroponic skunk, a crate or three of Grolsch,
and then a sudden architectural epiphany: "Shtop! What are we doing?
Let's build the chilled out houses that can go with the flow instead up
uptight dikes and defences!"
Inevitable,
no doubt. But the Dutch architects who have invented new buildings designed
to accept rather than resist the rising torrent may well have come up with
the perfect housing solution for a globally-warmed world. |
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Dutch Dilemma
- The Dutch, as smart Alecs with a GSCE in geography will know, have always
had a bit of a tricky job keeping their feet dry. Half the country lies
below sea level and about 60% of its 16 million people live in these low-lying
areas.
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To add to the
problem, Holland is one of the most densely populated places in the
world, which is why for centuries the Dutch have built on polders - reclaimed
land protected by a complex network of dikes, canals and windmill-driven
pumps. Despite all of these, the country has often been overwhelmed by
catastrophic flooding. Back in 1953 more than 1,800 people died in a deluge
and in 1993 and 1995 severe flooding caused billions worth of damage. |
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| These recent
inundations could be the shape of things to come: according to the UN Intergovernmental
Panel of Climate Change, rainfall in the Netherlands could increase in
the coming century by up to 25% and the sea level rise by more than three
feet.
Faced with
this grim reality, the Dutch have decided to rethink their time-honoured
methods of defence and come up with more innovative ways to live with the
threat. Building houses that float is part of the plan: instead of holding
back the water, the Dutch have decided to live on it.
Floating
Suburbs
Houseboats,
I hear you say. Not quite. The water houses designed by architect Art
Zaaijer for the building company Ooms Bouwmaatschappij certainly float.
But the six two-storey versions constructed as prototypes have staircases
and pitched roofs and don't look remotely like a boat. |
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Offshore
Resources Gallery
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| Built on
an floating platform made of styrofoam wrapped in a thin shell of concrete,
the walls and floors are fashioned from light-weight prefabricated wooden
panels and the facade is clad in coated aluminium, making the outer skin
maintenance-free.
The Canadians
have been using this system for years and the Dutch are now adapting it
to create whole new water-based urban quarters. Among the most prominent
is the new Ijburg district of Amsterdam which, when finished, will provide
18,000 homes, as well as floating offices, schools, hospitals, and transport
facilities.
Ooms Bouwmaatschappij's
six houses are now a sales centre for the new scheme and the company will
eventually provide 500 of the new homes in the development. At €200-500,000
a pop, they don't come cheap. And it's difficult to see where the little
Gullits and van Nistelrooys of the future will kick a ball around. But
that hasn't stopped 5,000 people joining the waiting list. Maybe it's the
fact that they can always move the house elsewhere if they don't like the
neighbours. The homes are manoeuvred into place by a tug boat and can be
transported in the same way - so a bit of site-swapping seems on the cards. |
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| Maas Attack
Art Zaaijer
is not the only Dutch architectural practice dreaming up floating houses
and cities. An alternative version, designed by Factor Architecten,
has been constructed by the developers Dura Vermeeron on a small estate
on the banks of the river Maas, south of Arnhem.
When the
river breaks its banks each of the the 37 houses will rise on a pair of
15-foot concrete piles to escape the torrent. As the waters recede
the amphibious houses drop back down to earth again. The attractive split-level
structures, with curved roofs, clapboard exteriors, and flexible open-plan
interiors, certainly put a lot of British new-built houses to shame.
Facing the
river and enjoying marvellous views, they're surrounded by ample terraces
and jetties where the residents can moor their boats. |
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Offshore
Resources Gallery
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| Dr Chris Zevenburgen,
of Dura Vermeer, says floating houses are the future for Holland: "Forty
per cent of new homes to be built in the next few years will be built in
areas prone to flooding. So we have to do something or we will suffer."
He's not
alone in thinking this: if you want to see just how seriously the Dutch
are taking the idea, check out HOLLAND, a Royal Institute of Dutch Architects'
website showcasing many of the most innovative schemes.
Not Waving…
Could similar
development happen in Great Britain? There's certainly a case to be
made. According to the Environment Agency, five million people and 1.9
million British homes are at risk from flooding. And global warming will
make the problem worse. A recent government-backed report looked 80 years
into the future and concluded that river and coastal flood risk could increase
between two and 20 times, while the risk of flooding from rainfall could
increase between three and six times.
Like Holland,
Britain is densely populated and desperate to build more houses. The
Government plans thousands in the Thames Gateway area, much of which is
below sea-level. Plans are afoot to upgrade the Thames barrier but the
jury is out on whether that will be enough. In the meantime, John Prescott
- and no jokes, please about the Deputy PM's exceptional buoyancy - has
been extolling the virtues of Poundbury and the new town of Seaside in
Florida. We might yet regret that he didn't take a trip to Amsterdam.
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