Protecting
Forests & Fauna In The Amazon By Private Ownership
By Edward
N. Luttwak
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| 1. Why private ownership
is essential
Several national parks have recently
been proclaimed in the Amazon basin, but none is effectively protected.
The few, poorly paid, and ill-supervised guards themselves often facilitate
illegal logging and hunting for small tips. National parks that exist only
on paper are counter-productive: before, the land belonged to someone,
forest-dwelling natives or at least colonist-squatters; once the park is
established, the land belongs to "the public", ie. no-one in particular.
Everyone goes in to take what he can, timber, jaguars for their pelts,
rare birds. Very few NGOs even try to protect land. When they do, they
fund local NGOs to act for them. Their university-trained, English-speaking
staff resides in cities, passing small sums to local guards, who are not
supervised. Effective protection is not feasible by such means.
2. Why private ownership is effective
in Bolivia
Under Bolivian law, foreigners can
freely purchase land. With due care, valid, uncontested legal title can
be secured. Ambient conditions in our part of Amazonic Bolivia (NE Beni)
preclude successful soya cultivation, so that land prices are low.
Amazonic Bolivia is safe. There are
no guerillas or bandits and the narcotics trade is invisible if it exists,
& certainly non-violent .Lands can be effectively protected at low
cost. Our experience with local employees is that fair treatment and adequate
supervision evoke loyalty to us and to our ecological aims. The younger
generation, in any case, is ecologically sensitive. |
To Contact The Author Edward
N. Luttwak
| Bolivia: “Rancho Cotoca”,
Canton de San Joaquin, Provincia Mamore’ Departemento del Beni, Bolivia |
| USA: 451O Drummond Av. Chevy
Chase, MD 2O815. Tel. 001 301 656 1972 Fax 001] 301 907 8164 |
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eluttwak@hotmail.com
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3. Why the Bolivian Amazon can
still be saved
The Beni Department of Bolivia, with
its very low population density and vast tracts of tropical forest,
is among the last refuges of wildlife of the Amazon basin; species now
rare or extinct elsewhere are still commonly encountered, including the
maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), the "bush dog" (speothos venaticus),
the ocelot (felis pardalis), the more common jaguar (panthera onca); puma
(felis concolor); paraguayan fox (dusicyon gymnocercus); kinkajou (potos
flavus); tayra (eira barbara); and jaguarundi (felis yagouaroundi); the
tapir (tapirus terrestris); deer (mazama americana), owl monkey (aotus
trivirgatus), squirrel monkey (ateles geoffroyi), wooly monkey (lagothrix
lagothricha); giant anteater (myrmecophaga tridactyla); and spotted paca
(agouti paca) among other mammals. There is a similar prevalence of reptiles
and a huge variety of birds. Wildlife commonly encountered includes alligators,
families of capybaras, pink river dolphins (inia geoffrensis) , parrots,
and the ostrich-like Rhea.
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4. Our Conservation
Ranch
We own 18,806.9 hectares (= 46,471.8
acres; 188 sq. kilometers; 72.6 sq. miles) in the tropical lowlands of
NE Bolivia in the Canton of San Joaquin, Provincia de Mamore’, Departemento
of the Beni. Our land includes both virgin forests and open savannah that
was always grassland and never de-forested. On part of the grassland we
raise cattle without using any feed, pesticides or fertilizers. There is
no hunting or logging. Our relations with the local population are excellent,
so that we live in a crime-free, stress-free cooperative environment. Interested
parties are invited to visit. How to get there, from USA: AA to Viru Viru
(VVI) airport of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Aerosur or Lloyd Aereo Boliviano
domestic flight to Trinidad (TDD) Air taxi (US$ 200/per flight) to
the town of San Joaquin., from which we pick up up (From the Weashington
DC area , I leave at 7:30PM and arrive on the ranch by noon the next day)
To find us on the map: (Bolivia, north-east, look for the rivers
Mamore and Machupo near the Brazil border; we are in between, in part on
the shore of the Laguna el Oceano ; or else: (Brazil, on the far
west side of the state of Rondonia;) Forte Principe da Beira, look
into Bolivia opposite for the two rivers and the Laguna el Oceano]
Longitude 64 degrees 40' to 50' (our ranch consists of two separate tracts);
Latitude 90. |
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5. Acquisition process and costs:
Buyers will normally require a qualitative
survey, maps and photos. Bolivian law requires GPS measurement
of the boundaries from agreed posts, a property transfer tax, legal
work to assure and define title, and official registration of title with
the court in Trinidad. Owners are legally required to fence their
property and pay an annual municipal land tax of US$0.50 per hectare. We
could assume responsibility for the above so long as our expenses are covered.
Some other costs: Cabin with
verandah, well, solar-panel illumination: US$ 40,00 Amazon-style ranch-house
compound , main house 2000 sq feet, 3 bathrooms, 3 bedrooms, large public
areas + separate cook-house + well + solar-panel illumination: US$
90,000 Labor costs: US$ 2400 per year will pay for a campesino family to
watch over up to 1,000 hectares of land, so long as they are allowed to
cultivate manually and keep small domestic animals at will. We are willing
to help out at no cost by suggesting a trustworthy supervisor etc. and
generally by watching over the property . Alternatively, we could assume
formal responsibility to protect the land at cost plus fee.
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| To Contact The Author
Edward N. Luttwak - Bolivia: “Rancho
Cotoca”, Canton de San Joaquin, Provincia Mamore’ Departemento del
Beni, Bolivia - USA: 451O Drummond Av. Chevy Chase, MD 2O815.
Tel. 001 301 656 1972 Fax 001] 301 907 8164 Email Edward at: eluttwak@hotmail.com
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